Bertha and Auguste Mugdan were sisters. Bertha's husband Sigwart (Samuel Philipp) Unger died in Hamburg in 1938, Auguste's husband Jacques Collin died in Berlin in 1926. Their children were able to emigrate to America. In May 1939, the two widows sailed to Cuba on the St. Louis, the refugee ship which was forced to return to Europe, and they were among the 181 passengers who were given refuge in the Netherlands.
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