In 1941 the theatre known as the Joodse Schouwburg was one of the few halls where Jewish performers were allowed to appear, and where Jews were permitted as spectators. Jews were prohibited from all other entertainment venues.
From October 1942 the Schouwburg, previously a venue for leisure and relaxation, became the site where Amsterdam Jews were summoned for deportation. Jews called up for the Arbeitseinsatz were required to report there. Large groups of Jews seized in raids were brought to the Schouwburg as well.
After a brief stay at the Schouwburg they were taken by tram and train to Westerbork. By September 1943, between 60,000 and 80,000 Jews had left Amsterdam via this route.
The Jewish Council assigned Walter Süskind to coordinate the Hollandsche Schouwburg. Süskind organized a childcare centre for the very youngest children across the street.
The Hollandsche Schouwburg is now a monument, see: www.hollandscheschouwburg.nl