Isaäc Zwaaf

Isaäc Zwaaf was a son of Jacob Zwaaf and Christina Vleesdraager. He was born in Amsterdam on 24 Juli 1884 and earned his living as a cigar maker, as chocolate worker and as a shopkeeper of chocolate articles. On 4 May 1910 he married Bloeme Swaluw in Rotterdam, who was born on 11 April 1889 in Amsterdam as a daughter of Hijman Swaluw and Esther Springer.

The Zwaaf-Swaluw couple had four children, …

In addition, Jokos files (numbers 16944, 16943) on this family or other family members are at the Amsterdam Municipal Archive. Access is subject to authorization from the Stichting Joods Maatschappelijk Werk.

Tot het bombardement van het centrum van Rotterdam was bij de Kruiskade de Helmersstraat, in 1883 vernoemd naar de dichter-koopman Jan Frederik Helmers. Deze straat, en de Ammanstraat, werd bevolkt door het Joodse proletariaat van Rotterdam.

90% van de Rotterdamse Joden behoorden tot deze groep. Deze straat, en de Ammanstraat, kreeg zelfs een nog meer Joods karakter toen vanaf 1911 de Zandstraatbu…

Jewish tradespeople such as bakers, hairdressers, butchers, fishmongers, grocers, etc. received a special exemption (Sperre), so that the Jewish population could continue to use the tradespeople. As the number of Jewish residents of Amsterdam shrank due to the deportations, these exemptions were cancelled. On July 27, 1942, Meijer de Vries, the General Adviser of the Jewish Council, sent a circula…